Customers' expectations are the true standards for judging service quality.
Understanding the nature and determinants of expectations is essential to
ensuring that service performance meets or exceeds expectations. Effectively
managing expectations sets the stage for surpassing them - which, in turn,
contributes to cultivating a customer franchise. Berry and Parasuraman propose
that marketing managers ask themselves the following questions as they seek
to manage and exceed expectations:
- Do we strive to present a realistic picture of our service to customers?
Do we always check the accuracy of our promotional messages prior to customers'
exposure to them? Is there regular communication between employees who serve
customers and those who make promises to customers? Do we assess the impact
on customer expectations on cues such as price?
- Is performing the service right the first time a top priority in our
company? Do we stress to our employees that providing reliable service
is an effective way of managing customers' expectations? Are our employees
trained and rewarded for delivering error-free service? Do we regularly
evaluate our service designs to identify and correct potential flaws?
- Do we communicate effectively with customers? Do we periodically
contact customers to ascertain their needs and appreciate their business?
Do we train and require employees to demonstrate to customers we care about
and value them?
- Do we surprise customers during the service process? Are our employees
aware that the process of service delivery represents the prime opportunity
to exceed customers' expectations? Do we take specific steps to encourage
excellence during service delivery?
- Do our employees regard service problems as opportunities to impress
customers, or as annoyances? Do we prepare and encourage employees to
excel in the service recovery process? Do we reward them for providing exceptional
recovery service?
- Do we continuously evaluate and improve our performance against customers'
expectations? Do we perform consistently above the adequate service
level? Do we capitalize on opportunities to exceed the desired service level?
(Sources: Reprinted in Marketing Management, Kotler, Copyright by Prentice Hall with the permission of The Free Press, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, from Marketing Services: Competing Through Quality by Leonard L. Berry and A. Parasuraman. Copyright 1991 by The Free Press).